What is respiration?
A biochemical process where glucose is broken down through enzyme-controlled reactions to release energy.
What are the two main types of respiration?
Internal respiration and external respiration.
Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
C6H12O6 +
6O2 → 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm, producing a small amount of energy.
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
How many ATP molecules are produced in the complete aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?
38 ATP molecules.
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals?
Lactic acid and energy.
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in plants?
Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy.
What is oxygen debt?
The extra oxygen required after exercise to oxidize lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water.
Name the organs involved in external respiration.
Body surface, book lungs, gills, trachea, and lungs.
How do amphibians respire through their skin?
By diffusion of gases through their moist skin.
What is the main respiratory organ in insects?
The tracheal system.
Describe the process of inspiration in humans.
The intercostal muscles contract, the ribs move upward and outward, the diaphragm flattens, and air is drawn into the lungs.
Describe the process of expiration in humans.
The intercostal muscles relax, the ribs move downward and inward, the diaphragm becomes dome-shaped, and air is expelled.
What are the primary sites of gaseous exchange in mammals?
Alveoli in the lungs.
What prevents the trachea and bronchi from collapsing?
Cartilaginous rings.
How do plants respire?
Through stomata and lenticels via diffusion.
What happens to stomata when guard cells are turgid?
The stomata remain open.
What is the role of spiracles in insect respiration?
They allow air to enter the tracheal system.
What is the significance of alveoli in respiration?
They are richly supplied with capillaries and serve as the site of gaseous exchange.
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